5-in-1 Arduino Robot | Follow Me | Line Following | Sumo | Drawing | Obstacle Avoiding

In this tutorial, we’ll build a 5-in-1 multifunctional Arduino robot that can switch between five autonomous modes — Follow Me, Line Following, Sumo, Drawing, and Obstacle Avoidance.

Powered by an ATmega328P-L293D driver board, this robot is compact, easy to solder, and versatile. The board integrates a motor driver (L293D) directly with the ATmega328P microcontroller, eliminating the need for separate motor shields or messy jumper connections.

With the right sensors and control logic, this project gives you a complete robotic platform that’s ideal for students, makers, and hobbyists who want to explore multiple robotics behaviors using one board.

Features of the Robot Control Board

This custom PCB combines:

• ATmega328P-PU (with bootloader) – the same chip used on Arduino Uno
• L293D Motor Driver – drives two DC motors directly from the board
• CH340G USB Interface – allows direct programming without external programmer
• Onboard Power Regulation – supports both 5V and 12V supplies
• Pin Headers for Sensors – ready-to-connect for Ultrasonic (HC-SR04) and IR sensors

It’s a self-contained robot controller, meaning you can easily program it through the Arduino IDE just like a standard Uno.

Components Required

PCB + 3D files available here:
👉 PCBWay Project Link

Pin Configuration Overview

🔹 Motor A Connections

🔹 Motor B Connections

🔹 HC-SR04 Ultrasonic Sensor

🔹 IR Sensor

Operating Modes

The board supports five robot modes, each programmed separately.
Each .ino file defines unique behaviors that can be uploaded via Arduino IDE.

Step-by-Step Setup Guide

Step 1: Assemble the PCB

Solder all DIP components carefully according to the silkscreen.
Start with small components (resistors, capacitors) → then IC sockets → then large components (USB, power jack, terminal blocks).

Step 2: Install the ATmega328P Bootloader

Use an existing Arduino as ISP to burn the bootloader if needed.
Once flashed, you can program it directly using the CH340G USB port.

Step 3: Connect Motors & Sensors

Refer to the diagrams above.
Ensure motor polarity and sensor power lines are correct.

Step 4: Upload Each Mode Code

Use Arduino IDE to open and upload each mode:

• Drawing_Mode.ino
• Follow_Me_Mode.ino
• Line_Follower_Mode.ino
• Obstacle_Avoiding_Mode.ino
• Sumo_Mode.ino

You can find all source codes here: 👉 PCBWay Project Link

Example: Follow Me Mode

Here’s a simplified and improved version of the Follow Me mode:

#include <NewPing.h>

#define TRIG_PIN 6
#define ECHO_PIN 5
#define MAX_DISTANCE 200

#define ENA 3
#define IN1 2
#define IN2 4
#define ENB 9
#define IN3 10
#define IN4 11

NewPing sonar(TRIG_PIN, ECHO_PIN, MAX_DISTANCE);

void setup() {
  pinMode(IN1, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(IN2, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(IN3, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(IN4, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(ENA, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(ENB, OUTPUT);
  Serial.begin(9600);
}

void loop() {
  delay(50);
  int distance = sonar.ping_cm();
  Serial.print("Distance: ");
  Serial.println(distance);

  if (distance > 0 && distance < 15) stopMotors();
  else if (distance >= 15 && distance < 30) forward();
  else if (distance >= 30) stopMotors();
  else stopMotors();
}

void forward() {
  digitalWrite(IN1, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(IN2, LOW);
  digitalWrite(IN3, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(IN4, LOW);
  analogWrite(ENA, 200);
  analogWrite(ENB, 200);
}

void stopMotors() {
  digitalWrite(IN1, LOW);
  digitalWrite(IN2, LOW);
  digitalWrite(IN3, LOW);
  digitalWrite(IN4, LOW);
}

Code Improvements Applied

✅ Replaced manual timing with NewPing library for better sensor precision.
✅ Added adjustable PWM speed control.
✅ Improved logic for smoother motion transitions.
✅ Simplified pin definitions and direction logic.
✅ Structured comments for beginners.

BOM (Bill of Materials)

The PCB BOM file includes every component with manufacturer part numbers for easy ordering — suitable for fabrication services like PCBWay.

Conclusion

The 5-in-1 Arduino Robot is an excellent modular platform to explore robotics with ATmega328P and L293D integration.
With a single board and a few sensors, you can experiment with multiple control algorithms — from simple line following to interactive “Follow Me” behavior.

It’s a perfect learning platform for:

• Robotics students
• STEM education
• Hobby robot enthusiasts

3D robotic projects arduino projects Arduino Robot ATmega328P HC-SR04 IR Sensor L293D Line Follower pcb projects PCBWay Project Sumo Robot